Primitive Reflexes

What are Primitive Reflexes?

Primitive reflexes are automatic, instinctual movements present at birth. They are generated by the brainstem, the most primitive part of the brain, and play a crucial role in helping infants survive and develop. These reflexes are not learned—they are innate, serving as the body’s first set of instructions for navigating the world. Most important primitive reflexes are encoded in our DNA.

Why Do They Matter?

Each reflex supports a vital developmental milestone. How? It's because the most critical primitive reflexes are genetically encoded within our DNA, reflecting an innate, evolutionarily conserved aspect of human neurodevelopment. These reflexes emerge in predictable sequences during fetal and early postnatal development, serving as foundational building blocks for motor control, sensory integration, and central nervous system maturation. Their presence and timely integration are essential for the typical trajectory of neurodevelopment, influencing postural control, balance, coordination, and cognitive processing. As the brain matures, especially the cortex (the "thinking brain"), these reflexes should be "integrated"—replaced by more voluntary, sophisticated movements. When they remain active past their expected timeline, they can interfere with natural development.

So What Happens When Reflexes Don’t Integrate?

When primitive reflexes are retained—meaning they remain active beyond infancy—they can disrupt everything from self-feeding to emotional self-control. Children may seem overly reactive, clumsy, anxious, or unable to sit still. Adults may struggle with focus, posture, or even chronic stress, unaware that their nervous system is still wired for survival rather than safety.

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Types of Primitive Reflexes

These reflex patterns are often seen in children with developmental delays, autism, ADHD, or trauma histories—but they can also impact adults coping with chronic stress or unresolved trauma. Understanding which reflexes are retained is the first step toward improving regulation, resilience, and daily function.

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